Historic Anti-Catholic Cartoons
...pal infallibility (the belief that the pope cannot be wrong in matters of faith), raised concerns that Catholics owed allegiance first to the Church and not to the United States. The increasing number of Catholic immigrants, most notably from Ireland, led many to believe that America’s Protestant culture was at
Friendly and Adopted Sons
...ber ad indinitum [forever].”[3] Quarterly meetings were held at a rotating number of taverns in Philadelphia, including the City Tavern. However, no meetings were held during the occupation of the city by the British during the Revolution.[4] The Friendly Sons, despite being a social group, took a definite stance on
1832 Cholera Outbreak in Philadelphia and Duffy’s Cut
...hired by labor contractor Philip Duffy to construct mile 59 of the Pennsylvania and Columbia Railroad. The cholera epidemic that was ravaging parts of the U.S., including New York City, spread to Philadelphia and reached the laborers' camp in mid-August. Within two and a half weeks, all of the men
Influenza Pandemic and the Sisters
...ided, government officials praised the work of the sisters with the Pennsylvania Department of Heath stating that “without the serviced rendered by these good women many additional lives would have been sacrificed.”[12] The mayor of Philadelphia echoed similar sentiment in a letter declaring that “I have never seen a greater