...pal infallibility (the belief that the pope cannot be wrong in matters of faith), raised concerns that Catholics owed allegiance first to the Church and not to the United States. The increasing number of Catholic immigrants, most notably from Ireland, led many to believe that America’s Protestant culture was at

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...f correspondence used by clergy during this time period. Born in Dublin in December of 1797, Kenrick first came to America after completing his clerical studies in Rome in 1821 and served as a professor of theology and history in Kentucky for the next nine years. The early years of