Francis B. Gallagher collection of Fenian Brotherhood records, 1862-1870 (MC 14)
The Fenian Brotherhood, the American branch of the Irish Revolutionary Brotherhood, was established in 1858 with the goal of establishing an independent Ireland. As well as raising money and gathering arms to send back to Ireland, the Fenians also engaged in military activity against the British, leading two failed invasions
Catholic Newspapers in Philadelphia
...genuinely Catholic newspaper in Philadelphia was The Catholic Advocate and Irishman’s Journal. It was started on February 22, 1823 in opposition to The Catholic Herald and Advocate and supported Bishop Conwell in the Hogan Schism. It appears to have only lasted for a few issues. There are no extant copies.
American Federation of Catholic Societies
...This was the first attempt to unify all Catholic societies whether they be Irish, German, or Italian. From the beginning, the AFCS made clear it had no desire to control the lay societies that would become affiliated with it but rather use its resources to advocate for Catholic positions, particularly
Philadelphia’s First Bishop
Philadelphia’s first Bishop, the Irish-born Franciscan Michael Egan, was appointed a full century after the American colonists began the practice of their Catholic Faith in the New World. Bishop Michael Egan, n.d. The colony of Pennsylvania, chartered in 1681 with William Penn as proprietor, offered the safety of religious tolerance,