The Centennial Fountain
...Moses striking the rock to give water to the Israelites was chosen.[2] The change was due to the Moses allegory of life giving water being better focused on the CTAU’s mission to encourage people to turn away from alcohol. While the main Irish American connection was removed, the CTAU incorporated
Papal Infallibility
...our consciences which are informed by Moral Law and since the pope cannot change Moral Law, there is nothing the pope can do to control our lives as Gladstone feared.[11] Furthermore, for the pope to be infallible it must be on matters of salvation and deal with the whole church,
Jubilees and Holy Years
...ions of the Catholic Church that provides the faithful of the world with opportunities to strengthen their faith and relationship with Our Lord. But what exactly is a Jubilee? The first Jubilee was instituted by Pope Boniface VIII in 1300. Initially occurring every 100 years, the tradition was shortened to
American Czestochowa
...ited States have visited: Ronald Reagan in 1984 and then-Presidential Candidate George H.W. Bush in 1980. Polish government officials have also visited the Shrine: Solidarity movement leader Lech Walesa in 1989 and President Andrzej Duda in 2024. When it comes to Catholic history and the Shrine, the American Czestochowa has