...o keep its members in power. Due to its ties to the Irish Catholics and corruption under leader William Tweed, Nast believed Tammany was rotten to the core. “Tied to His Mother’s Apron-Strings,” October 12, 1872 Here Uncle Sam offers to free an American bishop from the pope’s plans to

...ary with both reference and research materials, including Archdiocesan and National Catholic directories, Philadelphia City directories, and encyclopedias. Secondary sources include scholarship relating to the history of Catholicism in the United States as well as social and cultural histories of the various ethnicities that shaped the American Catholic Church. CHRC