...onal Guard protecting an Irish Protestant parade. In response, Nast drew a number of anti-Irish cartoons for Harper’s Weekly. This cartoon illustrated the Draft Riots of July 1863, where Irish Catholics attacked African-Americans throughout New York City. Nast blamed the attacks on both the ethnicity of the Irish and their

...ections: [Indicate cited item or series here], Collection Name, Collection number, Catholic Historical Research Center of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Photographs: In general, only photographs from the Robert Halvey Collection are to be published with written permission from CHRC. These photographs are to be captioned: Courtesy of the

...ts Peter and Paul on November 29, 1964, the first day such a vernacular Mass was allowed by the Vatican. In addition, Krol wanted the parishes to roll out these changes as quickly as possible and issued a number of manuals and directions to guide pastors and congregations in implementing

...pal infallibility (the belief that the pope cannot be wrong in matters of faith), raised concerns that Catholics owed allegiance first to the Church and not to the United States. The increasing number of Catholic immigrants, most notably from Ireland, led many to believe that America’s Protestant culture was at